FILE – In this Dec. 8, 1987 file photo U.S. President Ronald Reagan, right, and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev exchange pens during the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty signing ceremony in the White House East Room in Washington, D.C. Gorbachev’s translator Pavel Palazhchenko stands in the middle. In an escalation of tensions, the Obama administration accused Russia on Monday, July 28, 2014, of conducting tests in violation of the 1987 treaty, calling the breach “a very serious matter” and going public with allegations that have simmered for some time. (AP Photo/Bob Daugherty, File)