It was the first major foreign policy crisis for the U.S. since the end of the Cold War. Iraq, which…
“It was an Unwinnable War”
George Ball was the Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. He supported…
Afghanistan Project-Jim Bever
Jim Bever Oral Histories of U.S. Diplomacy in Afghanistan, 2001–2021 Interviewed by: Bill Hammink Initial interview date: October 3, 2022…
Afghanistan Project-Robert Finn
Ambassador Robert Finn Oral Histories of U.S. Diplomacy in Afghanistan, 2001–2021 Interviewed by: Robin Matthewman Initial interview date: December 7,…
Afghanistan Project-David Pearce
Ambassador David D. Pearce Oral Histories of U.S. Diplomacy in Afghanistan, 2001–2021 Interviewed by: Robin Matthewman Initial interview date: February…
Afghanistan Project-Jonathan Addleton
Ambassador Jonathan Addleton Oral Histories of U.S. Diplomacy in Afghanistan, 2001–2021 Interviewed by: Joe Relk Initial interview date: December 3,…
A Look Back—First Director of the Population, Refugees, and Migrations Bureau
The Biden administration nominated Ambassador Julieta Valls Noyes to serve as assistant secretary of state for the department’s Bureau of…

Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment of the United Nations Special Commission
Following the 1990–1991 Gulf War, the United Nations wanted to prevent any further aggression, and feared that Iraq had developed…
Washington Demands and Disaster Assistance: USAID and the 2010 Haiti Earthquake
Lewis Lucke was called out of retirement in 2010 to coordinate USAID’s response to the disastrous 7.0 magnitude Haitian earthquake,…
Guns, Oil and Education: Qatar’s Evolving Relationship with the U.S.
The State of Qatar declared independence from Great Britain on September 3, 1971 and the U.S. recognized it two days…